Supported by the strong invariants of the Load Value Barrier (LVB), C4 operates as a fully concurrent collector across three continuous activities: marking to discover live objects, relocation/compaction to reclaim space, and remapping/reference processing to repair pointers as objects move.
Because every heap reference is verified on load, any pointer to a relocated object is corrected on the fly, preserving correctness under heavy mutation without stop-the-world fallback. The C4 algorithm also drives a dynamic page lifecycle—continuously mapping pages for allocation, protecting them to intercept stale loads, remapping addresses during relocation, and unmapping freed pages—enabling “hand-over-hand” compaction and rapid reuse of memory.
Garbage Collection (GC) is an integral part of application behavior on Java platforms, and developers need to understand how tuning garbage collector mechanisms can affect runtime performance, scalability, and reliability.